THE USE OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN DAILY COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CREWS IN LPM DINAMIKA IAIN SU
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
- Background of Research
In daily communication, there are
ways to go about getting the things we want. When we are with a group of
friends, we can say to them, "Go get me that plate!", or
"Shut-up!". However, when we are surrounded by a group of adults at a
formal function, in which our parents are attending, we must say, "Could
you please pass me that plate, if you don't mind?" and "I'm sorry, I
don't mean to interrupt, but I am not able to hear the speaker in the front of
the room." In different social situations, we are obligated to adjust our
use of words to fit the occasion. It would seem socially unacceptable if the
phrases above were reversed.
Not only in communication with our
parents, but also communication with our colleague in the organization, such as
comunication between the leader and members and also members and members must
use the politeness principle. Nowdays, many people neglect politeness in
comunication, although they relize the effect of inpoliteness of what they
said.
Based on the problem above,
I like to conduct a research on the title THE
USE POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN DAILY COMMUNICATION OF CREWS IN LPM
DINAMIKA IAIN SU.
- Focus of Research
For the focus of research, the writer
may limit the problem on discuss about the strategies of editor in chief when
he ask the crews to report the event with the title, THE USE POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN DAILY
COMMUNICATION OF CREWS IN LPM
DINAMIKA IAIN SU.
- Research of Question
Based of the
background, it is necessary to formulate the problem of the research as:
1.
What’s
the most polite of the politeness strategies of crews’ opinion in LPM Dinamika
IAIN SU?
2.
What’s the
politeness strategies that is used by ceditor in chief LPM Dinamika IAIN SU?
3. What are the functions of
use politeness in daily comunication
of crews in LPM Dinamika IAIN SU?
D.
The Aims Of Research
Based on the
formulation of research, the objective of the research is to find out:
1.
To know the most polite of the politeness strategies of
crews’ opinion in LPM Dinamika IAIN SU.
2.
To know the
politeness strategies that is used by editor in chief LPM Dinamika IAIN SU.
3.
To
the functions of
use politeness in daily comunication
of crews in LPM Dinamika IAIN SU.
- Significance of the Research
The result of this research
will be expected to be useful for:
1.
The lectures who
want to adopt the concept and the use.
2.
The language
learner who want to improve their communication.
3.
The other researchers as a reference in doing
the same research on this topic.
4.
The members of
organization who want to this result becomes example.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A.
Comunication
Is A Part Of Speaking Skill
Comunication
is a part of speaking skill. Pollard
and Liebeck say that speaking as (1) utter words in an ordinary voice (not
singing), hold a conversation, make a speech; express in words, (2) use or be
able to (a special language) in speaking, (3) make a polite or friendly remark.[1]
Don Bryne states that, oral communication (or
speaking) is a two way process between speaker and listener and involves the
productive skill of speaking and the receptive skill of understanding. [2]
Based on the
previous two
definitions, it can be defined that speaking is the the
action of conveying information, knowledge and interests or expressing one's
thoughts and feelings in spoken language. This skill is more complicated that
it seems at the first and involves more than just pronouncing words.
One speaking
activity which is particularly suited to this kind of
analysis is conversation, the most fundamental form of
oral
communication.[3] If
we want to get a good speaking skill, we have to able to converse with its
rule.
B.
Politeness
Pragmatically
According to Brown and Levinson, politeness
strategies are developed in order to save the hearers' "face." Face
refers to the respect that an individual has for him or herself, and
maintaining that "self-esteem" in public or in private situations.
Usually you try to avoid embarrassing the other person, or making them feel
uncomfortable. Face Threatening Acts (FTA's) are acts that infringe on the
hearers' need to maintain his/her self esteem, and be respected. Politeness
strategies are developed for the main purpose of dealing with these FTA's.[4]
What would you do if you saw a cup of pens on your teacher's desk, and you
wanted to use one, would you:
a.
say, "Ooh, I want
to use one of those!"
b.
say, "So, is it
O.K. if I use one of those pens?"
c.
say, "I'm sorry to
bother you but, I just wanted to ask you if I could use one of those
pens?"
d.
Indirectly say,
"Hmm, I sure could use a blue pen right now."
There are four types of politeness
strategies, described by Brown and Levinson, that sum up human
"politeness" behavior:
1.
Bald On Record
2.
Negative Politeness
3.
Positive Politeness
4.
Off-Record-indirect
If you
answered A, you used what is
called the Bald
On-Record strategy which provides no effort to minimize threats to your
teachers' "face."
If
you answered B, you used the Positive
Politeness strategy. In this situation you recognize that your teacher has
a desire to be respected. It also confirms that the relationship is friendly
and expresses group reciprocity.
If you answered C, you used the Negative
Politeness strategy which similar to Positive Politeness in that you
recognize that they want to be respected however, you also assume that you are
in some way imposing on them. Some other examples would be to say, "I
don't want to bother you but..." or "I was wondering if ..."
If
you answered D, you used Off-Record
indirect strategies. The main purpose is to take some of the pressure off of
you. You are trying not to directly impose by asking for a pen. Instead you
would rather it be offered to you once the teacher realizes you need one, and
you are looking to find one. A great example of this strategy is somethin g
that almost everyone has done or will do when you have, on purpose, decided not
to return someone's phone call, therefore you say, " I tried to call a
hundred times, but there was never any answer."
Being
on the receiving end of politeness affects each of us differently because
polite utterances encode the relationship between the speakers and ourselves as
addressee. Thus we would expect one person, perhaps someone who as addresee.[5]
The final affect is about feeling of someone that will be bad or happy with
what our said to it, then someone will do what we asked.
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
A.
Location
of Research
As
it mentioned in the title of this research, the location of reseach was in LPM
Dinamika IAIN SU Office at Jl. Willem Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate.
B.
Approach
This
research has been done through qualitative approach, because the main objective
of the research is to describe the use politeness strategies in daily comunication
of crews in LPM Dinamika IAIN SU.
C.
Entry and Researcher Attendance
To get the accurate data in this
research, I attend to research location directly because I am is a Editor in
Chief of this organization so that I could observe six days in one week.
Research started from May-June 2012.
D.
Instrument
and Technique of Collecting Data
1.
Observation
Observing is a way that be done by
making a set of oral question which purpose direct investigation in the field
of research to respondents’.
The
observation is conducted in the location of research by using sheet and wrote
everything needed based on the question in observation sheet. By doing
observation, it would get the some information in collecting the data about the
process.
In this research has come to the
location of LPM Dinamika IAIN SU Office and observer what is the members
activity in there.
Observation is the technique of
gathering data through direct contact with an object-usually another human
being and qualitative researchers usually observe from a phenomenological
perspective. To get the data, the writer made participant-observation, because
the participant-observation is believed suitable to search how to human behaves
and perceives their real life in their normal, routine and natural environment.
The writer have done observation to the
subject research. The writer have done arrangements to join with the members.
The writer made good relationship with the members the writer have done discuss
or make some question.
2.
Interview
Interview is more willing to communicate
orally than in writing and therefore will provide data more readily and fully
in and interview than on a questionnaire and face meeting. To collect the data
in locations it is interviewed ten reporters consist of Kru Biasa (junior) and
Pengurus Inti (senior).
The equal the aim of
participant-observations. So, the writer have done create in interview to the
respondent. There is no standard criteria about how many of respondents that
have to be interviewed. In this case the writer stopped to do interview until
the writer did not find aspect in searched phenomenon. As general rule, the
researcher stops doing the interview until the data bored. It means, the
researcher does not find new aspect in searched phenomena. The writer use digital
mobile phone to record the data.
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDINGS
A.
Result
of Observation
LPM Dinamika IAIN SU is one of many
organizations in IAIN SU. As a organization of student press, LPM Dinamika IAIN
SU is built to develop the students skill to be a profesional journalist.
The crews of it must manage themself
to be a journalists that join in many divisions, they are Redaksi, Litbang,
Perusahaan, dan Design grafis. The structure of organization is arranged to
seperates the work of them.
Beside on the structure above, all
of the crews have a role as reporter. Editor in chief leads and give the job
for the crews to report the event of news’ sources. Editor in chief must look for some ways to
ask them doing that with polite strategies. Because sometimes Editor in chief
ask to report not only with junior but also to colleagues that have same class.
B.
Result
of Interview
In
interviewing the crews, the writer give the quetion to know how about their
responses when Editor in chief ask them to report the news’ sources such as
below:
A.
Question:
1.
Which one of the sentences below that are more polite? Give your reason!
2. Which one of them that is often
used when Editor in chief Ask you to report the news’ sources.
B.
Simulation:
1. Bald
on record : I ask you to report
this seminar now.
2. Positive
politeness : Can you report this
seminar now?
3. Negative
Politeness : I don't want to bother
you, but would you like to report this seminar now?
4. Off
the brecord : There is seminar
now.
C. Answer
of crews
NO
|
NAME
|
ANSWER
|
1
|
Endah
Tri Setiari
|
In
Endah’s opinion, number two (positive politeness) is the most polite then
others because it hasn’t meaning to force someone and to do point with a
question.
Endah
thinks that in LPM Dinamika often uses number two (positive politeness) too.
|
2
|
Murpi
Lubis
|
My
opinion, number three (negative politeness) is most polite. The sentence is
used to follow what the questioner asks and it is not force because it is
ended by question.
In
Dinamika is often used number two (positive politeness).
|
3
|
Bambang
Edi Susilo
|
Actually,
number three (negative politeness) is polite. The reason is before he asked me to report, he ask to
allowness.
In
Dinamika, number two (positive politeness) is often used.
|
4
|
Fitri
Layli
|
In
my opinion, number three (negative politeness) means more responsible than
others.
In
Dinamika, number 1 (bald on record).
|
5
|
Haqqy
Luthfita
|
Number
1 (bald on politeness) is to do point and more polite.
In
Dinamika, Number 1 (bald on politeness) .
|
6
|
Rina
Mentari Lubis
|
The
more politeness of them is number 2 (positive politeness) because it is only
question and give me the answer to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
The
end (off the record) is often used by crews in Dinamika.
|
7
|
Ibna
Nurul Fuaddina
|
The
second (positive politeness) is more polite because it has meaning ‘ask
helping’.
One
(bald on record) is often in Dinamika.
|
8
|
Syahnena
|
The
third (negative politeness) is more polite because the sentence has meaning
that he asked me but not forced me.
The
first (bald on record) is often used by crews, if they are busy.
|
9
|
Dwi
Nopi Natalia
|
Softer
and more polite is number three (negetive politeness).
Number
1 (bald on record) and 4 (of the record) are often used.
|
10
|
Irhas
Pulus
|
The
third (negative politeness) is more polite because its way is by question and
before it, there is statement that has meaning “ask helping”.
Number
1 (bald on record) is often done but it is added “ask helping”.
|
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
A.
Conclusion
To keep the good communication of crews in LPM Dinamika
IAIN SU, the crews use the asking statement with politeness strategy. But,
there are variety ways to ask them by bald on record, positive politeness,
negative politeness, and off the record. Below of percentage of the observation
report of the tens opinion of the crews:
NO
|
POLITENESS STRATEGY
|
PERCENTAGE
|
|
The Most Polite
|
The Strategy That Is
Often Used
|
||
1
|
Bald
on record
|
10%
|
60%
|
2
|
Positive
politeness
|
30%
|
30%
|
3
|
Negative
politeness
|
60%
|
-
|
4
|
Off
the record
|
-
|
10%
|
TOTAL
|
100%
|
100%
|
|
In summary, there are different percentages between most
poilte and the strategy that is often used by editor in chief of LPM Dinamika
IAIN SU. Negative politeness is the most polite but there is no crews stated it
is often used. On the other hand, Bald on record is the strategy that is often
used but only 10%, the crew stated it.
In reality, the crews like the negative politeness, but
for a long time editor in chief still uses bald on record of politeness strategy.
From this case, the writer can get conclusion the function of the politeness
strategies must implicate in LPM Dinamika IAIN SU to keep a good communication
between editor in chief and all the members.
B.
Suggestion
Editor
in chief should use the negative politeness now, because the crews will be
happy when the editor in chief uses that strategy.
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